Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-06 HF Radios I have an Icom 9100 with the UX9100 module installed for sale. The radio is in mint condition and was purchased new from HRO in March 2017. There is roughly 2.5 months of warranty remaining on the radio. 99% of the time on the radio was receive and minimal at that. Includes original boxes, manual, power cord, microphone, accessory bag and custom dust cover as seen in the picture. Get it in time for the upcoming ARRL VHF Contest.

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Asking $2375 shipped via FedEx Ground (save big $$$ over new price!). Email me with any questions and additional picture available on request. Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-06 HF Radios I have for sale a very nice STOCK late serial number IC-775DSP.

Autek Research RF5 VHF Analyst BOTTOM LINE The Autek RF5 is a handy and rea-sonably accurate device that can serve a variety of testing and measurement functions at VHF and UHF frequencies. Accuracy suffers as you move higher in frequency, however. Pedance (more about these later). The manual is adequate, but it could benefit from some.

It has new tuner motors and a new backup battery. It has also been opened up for MARS and 60 METERS. It was completely aligned and checked and is ready to go right out of the box. It will come with the manual, power cord and will be shipped to you doubled boxed with inserts. I'm asking $1400.00 plus $75.00 for shipping and insurance. Don't let this great radio pass you.

More pictures are available upon request. Thanks for looking at this ad.

1. GRAHAM HOPE Deputy editor Graham_Hope@dennis.co.uk Auto Express app free on your iPad □ Start reading on your iPad for free □ Get news and content updates. The car is still let down by its jerky automated manual gearbox, which hesitates on upshifts - even under gentle acceleration.
2. Throughout most of our history, amateurs in the US have had no opportunity to choose a call sign (and in some countries that is still the case). Had asked the Executive Committee (EC) to study the FCC sequential, vanity and special event call sign programs. Following the presentation and an.

Gary Thostenson W9VS. Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-05 HF Radios Santa brought me a new IC-7610, so I need to sell my IC-7300! The 7300 is about 10 months old and has less than 20 hours on it and most of that was listening! Comes from a no smoking by nobody at no time household! If the IC-7610 was not a gift from the family, I would have bought another 7300 and had the equivalent radio for half the price! Comes in the original box with mic, manual and power cord.

Fed Ex Home Delivery to the lower 48 is $29 USPS or Bank money order or WalMart moneygram will do and PayPal is also okay if you do it right! Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-05 HF Radios Greetings! I have for sale the following: Collins 32S-1 HF Transmitter, works very well and tested. No supply, full output. Collins 75S-3 HF Receiver with CW Filter. Works very well, with manual and AC cord.

Collins 30S-1 HF Linear Amplifer, currently being recapped and serviced, good condition with manual and tube. Yaesu FV-101 Remote VFO, in original box with plastic overlay. Perfect condition, works perfect. Yaesu Landliner Speaker/Phone Patch for FT-101. Very good condition. Kenwood TS-950SD HF Transceiver, loaded with filters, high serial#10500028, with MC-60 Desk Mic and manuals. Kenwood SM-230 Station Monitor Scope, with manual.

Very nice condition. Includes cabling. Kenwood SP-950 Speaker, matches TS-950. Icom IC-R7000 Communications Receiver.

25 mhz-1.9 ghz. Includes TV adapter, manual and original carton, plus remote control Exc!

All equipment is as listed and available for shipping at buyers expense. Due to the increased cost of shipping and materials, please contact me first about shipping to your zip code. I will do my best to provide an accurate cost estimate. Thank you in advance. If you would like to see the photos, follow this link to CL: https://tucson.craigslist.org/ele/d/ham-radio-equipment-for-sale/.html. Email:.Please To send an email.

2018-01-04 HF Radios Elecraft KX3, very nice for $1250. Includes KPA500-K3 Aux cable, factory Y-cable and Key Line interrupter.

Also includes K3 PR6/PR10 power cable assembly. The radio has installed the KXFL3 Dual Passband Roofing Filters KXAT3 Automatic Antenna Tuner KXBC3 Internal Battery Charger/Clock KX3-PCKT Cable Set KXUSB PC Interface cable. Recent factory upgrade with paperwork. This radio has the metal side handles as can be seen in the photos. Factory carton included. Email please.

Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-04 HF Radios Up for sale is my marine grade multimode transceiver. It boasts 150 pep on SSB and multiple analog and data modes and has been expanded to operate on amateur frequencies. I'm asking $1200.00 I am willing to ship, payment by check If shipping, or cash if picking up locally. I do have a hard copy of operation manual. I am selling due to it being surplus to my needs. I may even still have the program cable around here to include in sale and a copy of the programming software although it is programmable via front panel.

Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-04 HF Radios A classic Elecraft KX1 with 80/30M option and ATU option so covers 80/40/30/20M. Includes the matching KPDX1 paddle! Working as it should. Includes the KX1 Assembly and Owners manual and the ATU option manual, and a power connector/cord. There is NO internal battery option - so no need to open up the case all the time and much lighter - much better modern options now available.

I used a 3S LiPo battery for my use. Inside the manual there is a log of previous owners - originally built by Dave Wilhelm according to that. $400 shipped CONUS. Paypal preferred. My current call sign is ND3W - changed when I got my Extra rating from the earlier KD2NEU call sign. Email:.Please To send an email.

2018-01-04 HF Radios From estate of W1PRK Steve selling for his wife Icom 7410 HF-6Meter transceiver like new, power cord, manual. The radio is in its original inner box and shipping box. 100 Watts out, with built in antenna tuner. One owner, excellent condition, nonsmoking environment.

Shipped in original box to you. This radio is in excellent condition and works like new. Comes with the original manual, power cord, and boxes. $850 OBO plus shipping from 06010. PayPal is okay. I will accept paypal, Postal money order, Cash.

Please call Bruce WL7B In CT.1-860-582-8322 Before 9:00PM EST Please search with my call WL7B to see other items I have for from W1PRK estate sale. Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-03 HF Radios HW-101-Decent condition, power output is 100w on 80m, 92w on 40m, 95w on 20m, 90w on 15m, and 70w on 10m. I just took these measurements with an MFJ tuner with internal dummy load. Radio has new panel lamps, OA2 regulator, K8GNZ band dial, well used assembly manual, and power cord, no power supply or mic. Radio needs alignment to make transmit frequency match receive frequency.

Maybe 200-300 hz off. $125 plus $25 shipping conus only, no returns. Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-02 HF Radios Listing my super clean and really nice FT-890 160-10 meter xcvr. Covers 160 to 10 meters. The general coverage receiver tunes from 100 kHz to 30 MHz. Power output is 100 watts in CW, SSB, FM and 25 watts AM.

The FT- 890 features IF Shift, IF Notch and 16-bit main CPU. Radio is in very good to excellent condition and works great. Have made contacts all over the world with it. However, No returns due to parts swappers, But radio works 100%.

Includes Hand Mic, Power Cable and Manual and original box. Asking $425.00 Shipped ConUS. Pay Pal or USPS Money Order. AS is, no returns or refunds but you will not be disappointed in this very portable, compact performer. Very hot receiver and easy to use.

Hard to find these in this condition. Email:.Please To send an email.

2018-01-02 HF Radios This radio is perfect in every way. It performs better than new due to all of the options listed below. Cosmetically it is like the day it came out of the box. SN:1119 Here are the highlights of this radio:.Super sensitive Quadruple conversion superhetrodyne receiver.Dual watch receiver.Built in power supply.200W transmitter on all bands.Built in keyer.Built in antenna tuner.DSP TX & RX Options Included: ($1,000 of options).Icom CR-282High stability crystal unit. +/.5ppm.Icom FL-53A250hz CW filter (455khz IF).Icom FL-1026Khz wide AM/SSB filter (9Mhz IF).Icom FL-2221.9Khz narrow SSB filter (455Khz IF).Icom FL-2231.9Khz narrow SSB filter (9Mhz IF).Inrad 5Khz roofing filter.USB to CI-V computer interface cable and driver I have the original box, manual and bound copy of the service manual.

Check out the owner reviews of this World Class rig at: l/65?page=3 Asking price is $1,650 Pick-up preferable but could ship. Email:.Please To send an email. 2018-01-01 HF Radios Here is an unused IC-7100 new in the box with some extras. Purchased from HRO October 2017. Only taken out of the box to test it.

Otherwise, it is immaculate with protective covering still on the touch screen. Planned on using this outdoor portable but decided that the FT-857D was easier to handle. But wait, there's more.Along with the ICOM, there is a great rugged COMREX equipment case to take your IC-7100 portable. Also, I am including an Alinco DM-330MW power supply.

I will throw in the extra 4 pin power cable which is great when you want do want to go outside with your rig. I did take off the UPC after purchase to get the rebate from ICOM. You don't have to wait 2 months for the rebate to arrive from Arizona. UPC is missing from box because I did get the rebate from Arizona.

I do have pictures of the whole bundle on request. This will ship in separate boxes. All yours for $1025 shipped CONUS. I accept Paypal only. Email:.Please To send an email.

2018-01-01 HF Radios Found one, working out the details of the transaction. Want to find a great deal on a Flex-5000. Second tuner operation not required nor the AT, but are a definite plus if installed. I've seen several listed here that include the necessary cables etc to set the radio up.

Will spend $800 plus shipping. I also have equipment I would consider trading: Kenwood TL-922a Amplifier or a Kenwood TS-590s w/SDRPlay panadapter installed includes a Kenwood MC-90 in the original box, like new. Thanks, Brian -KZ4P. Email:.Please To send an email. 2017-12-31 HF Radios Great way to enjoy high quality SDR operation at a reasonable price. This compact transceiver will have you on the air in minutes with superb reception, great filtering and awesome audio.

Run it with a 13.8 v power supply and the KE9NS version of PowerSDR software (tml) and you will be hooked. Included are ElectroVoice MC100 dynamic mic, mic connector cable, antenna adapter, new in box 1394 Firewire adapter card and new Firewire 6 pin cable and power cord. Rig is 9/10 cosmetically, 10/10 functionally. $775.00 shipped and insured. Cash, Money order Paypal ok. Happy New Year and 73! De Carlos N2CMH (ex N2OIZ).

Email:.Please To send an email. 2017-12-30 HF Radios Good day to all, Winter restoration project.

Have an HW-101 transceiver and the HP- 23 power supply for sale. Both units are functional but would need a thorough going through to be fully operational.

Price: $200.00 or best offer + shipping PayPal OK + 3% Have 2 SB series radio cabinets(SB-101, 102). Very good condition but would need to be repainted.

Price: $25.00 each + shipping. PayPal +3% Cheers and all the Best for the New Year! Janusz ve2zhpA.

The instrument set forth in claim 12 wherein the measurement values obtained at the directional coupler means include standing wave ratio (SWR) and complex impedance, and wherein the microprocessor is programmed to use SWR measurement data to determine impedance in lieu of the impedance data when the impedance data is determined to be too low to be accurately measured by the impedance bridge, and to use impedance measurement data to determine SWR when SWR is determined to be approaching a one-to-one ratio. REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION The benefit of U.S.

Provisional patent application Ser. 60/657,276, filed on Mar. 1, 2005, and entitled “Hand Held Antenna/Impedance Analyzer” is hereby claimed, and the disclosure thereof is hereby expressly incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to portable electronic test apparatus and methods.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a handheld battery powered multi-mode digital antenna and/or network analyzer which directly derives complex impedance values at a given frequency controlled by an internal direct digital synthesis generator and provides software-defined multiple operating modes and real time graphic display of results in a multiplicity of user-selectable visual formats. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A Wheatstone bridge implemented as a directional coupler is a well-known impedance measurement circuit. It is also known to implement an impedance measurement circuit as a hybrid coupler, i.e., a four-port circuit that has an electrical response such that signals applied to first and second ports provoke a measurement response that is divided between a third, fourth, fifth and sixth output ports. Directional couplers are described in a variety of versions in Straw, Ed., The ARRL Antenna Book 19 th Ed., ARRL, Newington, Conn., Copyright 2000, Chapter 27, pp.

27-2 through 27-35. A variety of 50 ohm and 75 ohm directional couplers are available commercially from Mini-Circuits, Brooklyn, N.Y. A monolithic IC solid state RF gain and phase detector circuit, type AD8302, is available from Analog Devices, Norwood, Mass. Directional couplers are used to measure amplitudes and phases of unknown complex impedance, such as an unknown impedance at an antenna feed point, or an input connection of a transmission line leading to an antenna feed point, for example. One technique for measuring antenna impedance remotely is set forth in R.

Barker, “Improved Remote Antenna Impedance Measurement”, QEX magazine, Published by ARRL, Newington, Conn., Jul./Aug. 2004, pages 33-42, the disclosure thereof being incorporated herein by reference. Handheld portable battery powered antenna analyzers are known in the art.

These analyzers typically include an RF frequency generator, a hybrid coupler for coupling the frequency generator to an antenna feed point or transmission line, and a detector for detecting and displaying forward and reflected voltages, for example. Examples of battery-powered analyzers include commercial offerings by AEA, Autek, MFJ, Bird, and the American QRP Club (NJQRP). Many of the low cost battery powered antenna analyzers employ a relatively unstable oscillator as a frequency generator to excite the unknown impedance in order to derive impedance data for measurement. These low cost analyzers augment the unstable oscillator by providing a more accurate time base frequency counter and display.

A few analyzers may employ phase lock loop techniques to provide the frequency generator. And, a few others may use direct digital synthesis for the frequency generator. Handheld vector network analyzers using LC oscillator frequency sources or phase locked loops are known in the art. LCD displays have been used in these instruments, but have not heretofore used high contrast color transreflective LCD graphic displays needed for effective outdoor daylight operation in the field. In addition, such instruments have not included functionality to characterize and store feed line impedance (compare the Barker QEX article cited above where the technique described is very complex to carry out). Also, such instruments have not included software-defined graphic user display capabilities for providing the measurement results in a plurality of user-selected formats, including real time Smith Chart, for example, (or Arndt Chart graphing real and complex Rho (complex voltage reflection coefficient, see Walter Maxwell, Reflections II, Transmission Lines and Antennas, WorldRadio Books, Sacramento, Calif., copyright 2001, Chapter 3).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION WITH ASPECTS My advance in the art is an improved user interface and increased functionality in a small self-contained battery powered analyzer which most preferably includes a high contrast color display. Further, my unit includes the ability to measure and record in memory, measurement values for later use and display or download for further analysis and/or use by powerful computing equipment. My analyzer employs a multi-mode control program and uses e.g. Four software-defined user pushbuttons for control.

Each pushbutton is physically aligned and associated with a visual display switch function box on the display screen which changes with changing function of the particular pushbutton. This arrangement provides a convenient, highly intuitive, and highly flexible human interface with all of the control values being provided by the user with a minimum number of pushbuttons. The function of each pushbutton is subject to change depending upon functional mode of the analyzer and is labeled in the associated visual indicator box on the display screen for user convenience. The rotary encoder can perform all frequency settings and memory location selection functions. A fifth pushbutton incorporated into the encoder shaft provides a convenient way to select digit positions of the frequency being adjusted by rotation of the encoder shaft, for example. Moreover, the complex (real and imaginary, or magnitude and phase) measurement data may be plotted in a variety of user-selectable display types to aid the user in visualizing and understanding the object or environment in which measurement is being made.

The functional and graphic display capabilities of my unit are directly a result of the design, layout and packaging of the unit, which forms an important aspect of the present invention, including use of a very powerful mixed analog/digital signal embedded microprocessor including considerable flash memory resources for reading and digitally quantizing measurement values and for driving an on-board direct digital synthesizer chip. The microprocessor directly controls a visual display process driving a transreflective color LCD display, and also provides at least one port to enable connection to an external computing resource. User inputs include a rotary quadrature encoder and a plurality of user push button switches. The software enables multiple functions to be carried out with the encoder and switches, based on software-defined functions selected by the user at the push button switches. Available functions are conveniently displayed to the user in proximity with the appropriate push button switches. This approach facilitates an efficiently small handheld package with considerable functionality with a minimum of controls and user inputs. A high-resolution calibration mode enables the user to calibrate the internal direct digital synthesis generator against a known frequency standard.

A graphics setup mode enables the user to set a variety of available display parameters. For example, in one preferred embodiment the user may rapidly set a single cursor to a center frequency of interest in a current frequency sweep display. Once set, a push button enters a two-cursor mode that enables the user to adjust the sweep width as centered about the originally set cursor.

One aspect of the invention provides for user-selectable fixed frequency, swept frequency and field strength measurement operating modes. The user-selectable graphic formats presented by the graphic display unit include numerical field, bar graph, sweep and line X-Y coordinate, Smith Chart and complex reflection coefficient phasor graph formats, for example. A further aspect of the invention provides a remote antenna measurement mode, for example. This mode includes software defined steps for measuring and recording complex impedance on an open or shorted antenna transmission line and recalling and using the saved transmission line impedance in carrying out a compound calculation of antenna measurement data results collected remotely via the same transmission line after it has been connected to the antenna feed point. Another aspect of the design is the PCB layout of a two-layer printed circuit board that effectively separates the analog and digital processes, and that further enables the LCD module to be connected as a daughter board. The use of a four-port directional coupler, programmable gain analog amplifiers, a 12-bit analog to digital converter, and a software autogain routine enables realization of a 19.5 bit effective data resolution.

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These and other objects, advantages, aspects and features of the present invention will be more fully understood and appreciated upon consideration of the detailed description of preferred embodiments presented in conjunction with the following drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the Drawings: FIG.

1 is a diagrammatic view of an antenna and transmitter installation setting forth one intended environment of use of the antenna analyzer of the present invention. 2 is a plan view of one preferred embodiment of the analyzer of the present invention showing connection, control and display structural elements. 3 is a detailed electrical block diagram of the FIG.

3A is a detailed schematic circuit diagram of a directional coupler element of the FIG. 4 is a structural layout plan of the FIG. 5 is flow diagram of a main loop executed by a main microcontroller within the FIG.

6 is a detailed flow diagram of data handling, calculation and data display routines executed by the main microcontroller of the FIG. 7A, 7B and 7C comprise a detailed flow diagram of a data acquisition routine executed by the main microcontroller of the FIG. 8 is a table explaining how a 19.5 bit resolution is achieved within an analog-to-digital conversion process carried out by the FIG. 9 is a detailed flow diagram showing autogain control within the analog-to-digital conversion process of the FIG. 10 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing the single frequency mode. 11 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing a frequency sweep mode graph of SWR amplitude of a device measured across a user-specified frequency sweep range.

12 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing an X-Y Cartesian coordinate plot of the imaginary component of impedance across a sweep of radio frequencies. 13 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing the real component of an impedance of a device measured across a frequency sweep. 14 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing complex impedance of a device measured across a frequency sweep and presented as a Smith Chart plot. 15 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing a data measurement and display of complex reflection coefficient (RHO) as a phasor plot in a polar coordinate graph. 16 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing a setup window in which the user may manipulate and set desired parameters for graphic display of measurement results. 17 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing a status window display mode of the FIG.

18 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing a memory sweep option select window display mode of the FIG. 19 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing a reference memory sweep option select window display mode of the FIG. 20 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing comparison of a previously saved measurement of e.g.

Standing wave ratio to a current measurement of the same parameter over the same sweep width, enabling the user to assess any changes. 21 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing positioning of a cursor to a center location of a spectrum of interest. 22 is a depiction of an exemplary analyzer display screen showing the use of the encoder knob to set two simultaneous cursors to adjust symmetrically sweep end points spanning the FIG. 21 set point.

23 is a diagrammatic view of one preferred embodiment of the analyzer of the present invention showing measurement of a device under test (or stored results of previous measurement(s)) and connection to a computer through the use of a universal serial bus connection to display measurement results. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG.

1 illustrates in simplified view a radio transmitting installation 10 including transmitter apparatus 12 in a shelter 14, a multi-element Yagi or log periodic directional beam antenna 16 mounted to a beam 18 at the top of a tower 20. In the present example, the antenna is designed and intended to operate in the high frequency and low very high frequency bands, such as between 3.5 MHz and 54 MHz. While a horizontally polarized beam antenna array is illustrated, other antenna types, including dipoles, verticals, etc., may be measured and characterized by the antenna analyzer of the present invention. The antenna 16 includes a feed point 22 to which is connected a transmission line 24 leading down the tower 20 an over to the transmitter apparatus 12. The tower 20 may be free standing or it may be stabilized in place by guy wires 26 as is well known in the art. In order to adjust properly the transmitter apparatus 12 for maximum power transfer to the antenna 16, the impedance at the feed point needs to be determined and/or adjusted.

One method for measuring feed point impedance is to make measurements while the antenna 16 is assembled on or slightly above the ground but before the antenna 16 is mounted onto the tower. A more preferable method is to climb the tower and attach an antenna analyzer directly to the feed point 22 with a minimum-length cable connection and make feed point measurements and adjustments with the antenna at its designed operating height. Obviously, a small self-contained, hand-held instrument is needed to make such measurements. The present invention represents an improvement in antenna analyzers useful for making field measurements of the type contemplated within the FIG. 1 environment. 2 shows an antenna analyzer 30 in accordance with principles of the present invention.

The analyzer, weighing less than two pounds is contained in a suitable elongated rectangular box-shaped housing 32 having preferred dimensions of 7.5 inches across, 4.25 inches high and 1.625 inches deep. An RF connector 34, such as a SO-239 fitting, enables the analyzer 30 to be connected to a device to be tested, such as to the feed point 22 of the antenna 16 of FIG. 1, with a suitable length of transmission line (as short as practical, the shorter the better).

A window in the top major surface of the housing 32 permits the user to view data measurement and calculational results via a bright sunlight readable (transreflective) 6.92 cm diagonal reflective 240 by 160 pixel graphic color liquid crystal display module 36 having an internal backlight of indoor or night time operations. A jack 38 enables connection to a bidirectional serial data communications port enabling the analyzer 30 to be connected to a host computing system for program and measurement data transfers. The serial port at jack 38 enables the analyzer 30 to be updated and further enables data to be collected in the field and then downloaded for further analysis, reporting and storage at a central computing location. The jack 38 also embodies a means for connection to additional optional equipment and provides e.g., a digital signal that could be used for instance to indicate the start of sweep, an analog input signal that could be digitized for instance to determine field strength, an analog output signal that could be used for instance to sweep an oscilloscope in the X-axis synchronously with the sweep of the analyzer 30 thus enabling the exemplary analyzer 30 in conjunction with a standard oscilloscope to make accurate 4 port swept frequency device measurements. An additional port 114 allows the same functionality of the serial data at jack 38 to be available to a standard universal serial bus connection.

An on-off push button 40 (or button) controls internal power management circuitry enabling the battery powered analyzer to be turned on and off. An internal timer is provided with the power control circuit 130, and when enabled by the user, automatically powers down the analyzer 30 after a predetermined period of user inactivity as measured at the push buttons, encoder, and ports. Four software-defined-functionality user control momentary-contact push buttons 42, 44, 46 and 48 are arranged along the right side of the analyzer 30 adjacent to the LCD display window 36. A rotary shaft encoder 50 generates two-bit quadrature values as a user rotates a knob 51 and thereby enables the user to adjust operating parameters of the analyzer in up and down increments. The encoder 50 also includes a spring-loaded momentary-contact push button, so that the user may depress the knob 51 and thereby provide further control input to the analyzer 30, such as adjustment step size, for example.

A jack 52 enables a line-connected battery charging power supply to be connected to the analyzer 30 to enable the internal batteries to be recharged. Other jacks are provided to provide external connections for other functions and capabilities of the analyzer 30, as described in greater detail hereinafter. The LCD display 36 provides the user with a variety of graphical presentations. Most preferably, the display 36 provides a high-resolution color graphical depiction of measurement parameters for each of the display formats.

In the presently preferred implementation, a separate microprocessor handles high level graphics routines, e.g. Draw a line, draw a circle, fill an area, and interfaces between CPU 104 and a graphics controller integrated circuit directly controlling each color pixel of the LCD graphics display screen. This dual-processor approach relieves the main CPU 104 from having to address each individual pixel on the display thus not interfering with all of the control, data-acquisition and I/O tasks that comprise the main CPU 104 workload. A means of communication e.g. An eight bit bi-directional port between the main CPU 104 and the graphics display processor is used to transmit the CPU's commands to engage the high level graphics routines, and to receive the current display status.

2, the display 36 presents a numerical value data field 54, three bar graphs 56, 58 and 60, and four push-button functional indicator boxes 62, 64, 66, and 68. Each indicator box is physically associated with a push-button switch. Thus, the box 62 associates with button 42, the box 64 associates with button 44, the box 66 associates with button 46 and the box 68 associates with button 48. By having dynamically reassignable function boxes on the display 36, the functions of push buttons 42- 48 can be altered and extended, depending upon particular operating mode of the analyzer. Also, this arrangement is highly intuitive, and minimizes learning time for the user. Turning now to the FIG.

3 block diagram of the analyzer 30, selectable radio frequencies are generated by a commercially available direct digital synthesizer integrated circuit (“DDS”) 70, e.g. The AD9850 made by Analog Devices, Inc. 3 circuit uses a crystal controlled reference clock generator 72 operating at 125 MHz, for example.

This relatively high clock frequency enables the DDS 70 to synthesize RF waveforms in a range between 200KHz and 60 MHz, for example. An RF output from the DDS 70 is first passed through a two-stage elliptical low pass filter 74 to remove unwanted spurious outputs from the DDS and is then passed through a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifier 76 to increase signal level to provide a useful excitation signal level for carrying out the complex impedance measurements of the structure or device under test. By using a DDS, the frequency generator provides an accurate, rapidly modifiable RF signal source. Therefore, no counter is required to measure and indicate excitation frequency. Measurement of the structure or device under test is by way of a multi-port directional coupler between the signal source and the device under test. The directional coupler 78 can comprise a Wheatstone impedance bridge or other suitable circuitry for providing suitable analog amplitude measurement data values from which reflection component phase may be determined or derived (the degree of reflection wave lead or lag relative to excitation wave).

The presently preferred circuitry of a 50 ohm impedance four-port coupler 78 is shown in the detailed circuit diagram of FIG. The coupler 78 includes an antenna input port 80, a DDS excitation output port 82, and four measurement ports, including a forward voltage measurement port 84, a reflected voltage measurement port 86, an input voltage amplitude measurement port 90, and a DDS output voltage amplitude measurement port 88 that measures the amplitude of the DDS amplified and filtered output from amplifier 76.

The ports 84 and 86 enable forward and reflected voltage amplitudes to be measured. Ports 88 and 90 enable impedance to be measured. The combination of all of the ports 84, 86, 88, and 90 enable phase to be calculated. With the impedance bridge implementation shown in FIG. 3A, the four separate measurement outputs enable relationship between these outputs to be mathematically manipulated to determine the complex impedance characteristics of the structure or device under test.

Patent Citations Cited Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title. 5 Feb 1979 9 Dec 1980 Goussios Constantine C Polytrack opto-digital drafting machine.

11 Jan 1988 3 Oct 1989 Jeerings Donald I High impedance fault analyzer in electric power distribution networks. 9 Nov 2000 18 Jun 2002 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Apparatus and method for determining lightning protection of a building. 27 Aug 2004 18 Apr 2006 Aea Technology Inc.

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Wideband complex radio frequency impedance measurement. 18 Oct 2004 21 Apr 2005 Clarridge Ronald P. Testing and calibration device with diagnostics. 29 Dec 2005 22 Jun 2006 Stilp Louis A Power management of transponders and sensors in an RFID security network. Referenced by Citing Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title 5 May 2008 11 Oct 2011 Infineon Technologies Ag Noise parameter determination method. 21 Nov 2008 6 Nov 2012 Symbol Technologies, Inc.

RFID reader with automatic near/far field interrogation mode switching, and related operating methods 7 Jun 2013 7 Jul 2015 DGS Global Systems, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for electronic spectrum management 7 Jun 2013 15 Mar 2016 DGS Global Systems, Inc.

Systems, methods, and devices for electronic spectrum management 7 Jun 2013 11 Apr 2017 DGS Global Systems, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for electronic spectrum management. 21 Nov 2008 27 May 2010 Symbol Technologies, Inc.

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Rfid reader with automatic near/far field interrogation mode switching, and related operating methods. 21 Mar 2016 14 Jul 2016 Copper Mountain Technologies, Llc Measurment module of virtual vector network analyzer.

9 Apr 2015 13 Oct 2016 Texas Instruments Incorporated Circuit and method for impedance detection in millimeter wave systems.